Immunoproteomics of cow's milk allergy in Mexican pediatric patients.

Immunological mechanisms of non-IgE-mediated cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) are not well understood. Such a circumstance requires attention with the aim of discovering new biomarkers that could lead to better diagnostic assays for early treatment. Here, we sought both to investigate the mechanism that underlies non-IgE-mediated CMPA and to identify cow's milk immunoreactive proteins in a Mexican pediatric patient group (n = 34). Hence, we determined the IgE and IgG1-4 subclass antibody levels against cow's milk proteins (CMP) by ELISA. Then, we performed 2D-Immunoblots using as first antibody immunoglobulins in the patients'serum that bound specifically against CMP together with CMP enrichment by ion-exchange chromatography. Immunoreactive proteins were identified by mass spectrometry-based proteomics. The serological test confirmed absence of specific IgE in the CMPA patients but showed significant increase in antigen-specific IgG1. Additionally, we identified 11 proteins that specifically bound to IgG1. We conclude that the detection of specific IgG1 together with an immunoproteomics approach is highly relevant to the understanding of CMPA's physiopathology and as a possible aid in making a prognosis since current evidence indicates IgG1 occurrence as an early signal of potential risk toward development of IgE-mediated food allergy. SIGNIFICANCE: Allergies are one of the most studied topics in the field of public health and novel protein allergens are found each year. Discovery of new principal and regional allergens has remarkable repercussions in precise molecular diagnostics, prognostics, and more specific immunotherapies. In this context, specific IgE is widely known to mediate physiopathology; however, allergies whose mechanism does not involve this immunoglobulin are poorly understood although their incidence has increased. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and adequate treatment are delayed with significant consequences on the health of pediatric patients. The study of type and subtypes of immunoglobulins associated with the immunoreactivity of cow's milk proteins together with an immunoproteomics approach allows better comprehension of physiopathology, brings the opportunity to discover new potential cow's milk protein allergens and may help in prognosis prediction (IgG1 occurrence as an early signal of possible risk toward development of IgE-mediated food allergy).

Teniosis y cisticercosis en comerciantes de alimentos en mercados de una área de la ciudad de México / Taeniosis and cysticercosis in food traders in markets in México city

Con el objeto de conocer la prevalencia de teniosis y cisticercosis en comerciantes de alimentos de mercados de la Delegación política de Xochimilco de la Ciudad de México, se encuestaron 262 comerciantes de 11 mercados. En ellos se hicieron estudios coproparasi-toscopicos seriados y en la sangre se buscaron anticuerpos específicos contra cisticerco mediante inmunoelectrotransferencia. Sólo 115 entregaron las muestras fecales, y de ellas, en 110 se obtuvo la muestra de sangre. La seroprevalencia de anticuerpos para cisticercos fue del 0,9 per cent una muestra de material fecal se encontraron huevos de T. solium. Entre los comerciantes, 56,4 per cent algunos alimentos con carne de cerdo; 11,3 per cent de ellos criaban los cerdos en su casa y los sacrificaban de manera clandestina para vender su carne. Por lo tanto, los comerciantes de alimentos con carne de cerdo, que expenden sus productos en estos mercados, parecen estar rara vez expuestos a la T. solium.

Blastocystis hominis among food vendors in Xochimilco markets.

Blastocystis hominis is a pathogenic protozoon that lives in the human bowel and causes diarrhea: the mode of transmission is a passive one, through the ingestion of stool-contaminated water or foods that contain infective forms of the parasite. The purpose of this study is to report the prevalence of Blastocystis hominis among food vendors in the markets within the Xochimilco jurisdiction, Mexico City, Mexico. A cross-sectional study was conducted in which food vendors answered an epidemiological questionnaire and underwent a serial stool culture. The frequency of the intestinal parasitoses reported was estimated and an analysis was carried out associating the presence of Blastocystis hominis with socio-economic and hygienic factors using the odds ratio at a 95% confidence interval. The frequency of intestinal parasites and commensals was 50.4%; Blastocystis hominis was found in 48 (41.7%) food vendors. The risk analysis showed that Blastocystis hominis was associated with: male gender, poor personal hygiene habits, personal history of parasitosis, and family history of parasitosis. The prevalence reported is high when compared with other populations studied. The relevance of this report lies on the fact that food vendors handle foods and could transmit the infection to consumers.

Microsporidiosis generalizada por encephalitozoon sp en un paciente pediátrico con enfermedad de Bruton / Generalized microsporidiosis caused by encephalitozoon sp in a pediatric patient with Brutonïs disease

We present the case of a four year old boy with a history of repeated upper respiratory tract infections and pyoderma. He presented fever, seizures, inhability to talk, loss of swallowing, fine tremor in the upper extremities; positive bilateral Babinski reflex and quadriparesis. The diagnosis of Brutonïs disease and generalized microporidiosis was based on immunologic analysis, smear tests with chromotrope R2 stain and indirect immunofluorescense with monoclonal 3B6 antibody for Encephalitozoon species in samples of spinal fluid, bronchial and paranasal sinus aspirates and stool, which were all positive. The patient was treated with albendazol during 72 days; he left the hospital in a good condition, walking, talking and able to swallow. His laboratory test controls were negative; he is followed up in the outpatient department